硅渣和玻璃粉直接烧结制备多孔材料的气孔结构与力学性能

以硅渣和玻璃粉为原料,采用粉体直接烧结法制备多孔材料,研究了烧结温度(700~900℃)、烧结时间(15~120min)和升温速率(10~100℃·min^-1)对多孔材料表观密度、气孔率、物相组成、抗压强度的影响。结果表明:气孔结构均匀性随烧结温度的升高而降低;表观密度随烧结温度的升高先减小后增大,随保温时间的延长而增大,随升温速率的增大而减小,气孔率的变化趋势与表观密度的相反;多孔材料的主要物相为玻璃相和硅、SiC、SiO2、Ca2Al2SiO7等结晶相,且结晶度随烧结温度的升高而降低;抗压强度随烧结温度的升高呈先增大后减小的趋势;当烧结温度为750℃,升温速率为30℃·min^-1,烧结时间为30 min时,多孔材料的主晶相为硅和Ca2Al2SiO7,抗压强度最大(1.60MPa),表观密度为0.43g·cm^-3,气孔率为80%。     

超深溜井爆破一次成井技术实践

为解决溜井掘进效率低、安全性差等问题，以柿竹园多金属矿掘进出矿溜井为例，提出了爆破一次成井技术，根据矿山具体爆破条件，设计了布孔参数、装药结构和起爆顺序等。实践表明，爆破一次成井技术施工天井效果良好，溜井贯穿上下2个分段，与设计相符，相较于普通法施工天井，节约成本30.7%，节约时间58.3%，经济效益显著，施工周期短，且安全性好，值得在其他类似矿山推广应用。     

采油树平板闸阀柔性密封圈结构优化设计

为了提高采油树平板闸阀密封圈的密封性能,在泛塞封的基础上,设计一种密封圈本体唇边开有锯齿状凸起的新型柔性密封结构;运用有限元分析方法模拟密封圈的工作状况,分析柔性密封结构特性参数对密封圈密封性能的影响,获得不同柔性密封圈结构参数下密封面间接触应力分布规律,并对新型密封结构进行优化。结果表明:密封面间最大接触应力随唇边锯齿数量、唇边夹角度数的增大而增大,随唇谷夹角度数的增大而减小;新型密封结构选择锯齿数量为3、唇边夹角为20°、唇谷夹角为30°的特性参数时,其最大接触应力比常规Y形密封圈提高了15倍;新型柔性密封结构的密封圈与阀杆、阀盖壁面间接触应力比常规Y形密封圈有显著提高,提高了密封圈的密封性能。     

燃油选择性吸附脱硫的多孔材料研究进展

吸附脱硫技术具有操作条件温和、节能、不改变燃油品质和成本低等特点而备受关注。针对噻吩类难脱除硫化物的深度脱除和转化问题，综述了近年来应用多孔吸附材料选择性吸附超深度脱除燃油中噻吩类硫化物的作用机理及最新研究进展。重点分析了分子筛、金属有机骨架、多孔炭材料、复合材料等不同吸附剂的研究现状，并探讨了各种吸附材料的吸附机理、改性方式和优缺点。本文指出分子筛因优异的热稳定性、高比表面积、均一的孔道结构、低成本和易于工业化等特点，是目前最具优势的吸附剂材料。未来研究应着重阐明吸附机理、提高合成便捷性、脱硫性能以及再生能力，更全面系统的研究将为开发具有理想选择性和再生能力的高效吸附剂奠定基础。     

The origin of the modulated structure in Sr2CuO3+δ (δ = 0.4): [CuO2] in-plane oxygen vacancy or apical oxygen vacancy?

We propose the question of the modulated structures of copper oxide is caused by the [CuO₂] in-plane oxygen vacancy or apical oxygen vacancy. Sr₂CuO_3+δ single-crystal samples were prepared using high-temperature and high-pressure methods. The major phase of Sr₂CuO_3+δ (δ = 0.4) single-crystal system is found to be constituted by the 5 a modulated structure with the Fmmm space group, which originates from the [CuO₂] in-plane oxygen vacancy appearing in octahedral Cu-O. Besides, the presence of the [CuO₂] in-plane oxygen vacancy may obliterate the superconductivity of the system. Experimental results deduce that the oxygen vacancy may appear in the apical oxygen sites in high-temperature copper oxide superconductors.     

Influences of magnetic fields on current–voltage characteristics of gold-DNA-gold structure with variable gaps

Achieving highly sensitive magnetic sensors by means of Metal-DNA-Metal (MDM) structure is a key issue. DNA, being a genetic information carrier in living cells reveals tunable semiconducting response in the presence of external electric and magnetic fields, which is promising for molecular electronics. The influence of magnetic fields up to 1200 mT on the current–voltage (I–V) behavior of Gold-DNA-Gold (GDG) structure having variable gap sizes from 20–50 μm are reported in this work. These structures were fabricated using UV lithography, DC magnetron sputtering and thermal evaporation techniques. DNA strands were extracted from Boesenbergia rotunda plant via standard protocol. The acquired I–V characteristics display the semiconducting diode nature of DNA in GDG structures. The potential barrier for all the structures exhibit an increasing trend with the increase of externally imposed magnetic field irrespective of variable gap sizes. Furthermore, the potential barrier in GDG junction at higher magnetic field strengths (>1000 mT) is found to be considerably enhanced. This enhancement in the junction barrier height at elevated magnetic fields is attributed to the reduction of carrier mobility and augmentation of resistance. The achieved admirable features of magnetic sensitivity suggest the viability of using these GDG sandwiches as a prospective magnetic sensor.     

High-Tg porous polyimide films with low dielectric constant derived from spiro-(adamantane-2,9′(2′,7′-diamino)-fluorene)

Porous polyimide (PI) films with low dielectric constants and excellent thermal properties have been a pressing demand for the next generation of high-performance, miniature, and ultrathin microelectronic devices. A series of novel porous PI films containing fluorenyl-adamantane groups were prepared successfully via thermolysis of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) added in the PI matrix. The cross-sectional morphologies of porous PI films showed closed pores with diameters ranging from 135 to 158 nm, which were uniform and regular in shape without interconnectivity. These porous PI films exhibited excellent thermal properties with a glass-transition temperature at 376 °C whereas the 5% weight loss temperature in air excess of 405 °C due to enhanced rigidity afforded by fluorenyl-adamantane groups. Accompanied by thermolysis content of PEG increasing from 0 to 20 wt %, the density of porous PI films decreased, and the corresponding porosity grew significantly from 0 to 11.48%. Depending on porosity, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of porous PI films significantly declined from 2.89 to 2.37 and from 0.050 to 0.021, respectively. These excellent properties benefit the as-prepared porous PI films for application as interlayer dielectrics, integrated circuit chips, or multichip modules in microelectronic fields. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47313.     

Development of structurally modified OER catalysts with enhanced performance and longevity for PEM-based electrolytic air dehumidification

PEM-based electrolytic air dehumidification is innovative in dehumidification that requires high precision and small space due to its high efficiency, compactness, and cleanness. However, the system dehumidification performance and durability are limited by using commercial Anatase-IrO₂ catalysts. In this study, two types of structurally modified OER catalyst materials, ATO-IrO₂ and ND-MnO₂-IrO₂, are developed to improve the performance of the system. System experiments showed that, compared to the commercial catalysts, the use of ATO-IrO₂ and ND-MnO₂-IrO₂ as the anode catalyst can improve the dehumidification performance by 45% and 20%, respectively. Furthermore, in 50-h accelerated aging tests, the attenuation rates of the ATO-IrO₂ and ND-MnO₂-IrO₂ systems are 3% and 8% respectively, which are far lower than the 35% attenuation of commercial catalyst. The results indicate that, as catalysts with a classic core-shell structure, ATO-IrO₂ and ND-MnO₂-IrO₂ still have a significant impact on improving the performance of the electrolytic dehumidification systems.     

抽油井不压井作业装置及抽油泵底阀设计

江苏油田的部分油井存在油管短路、地层高压低渗、漏失严重等问题,这些问题造成压井作业困难,并且压井作业过程中的井控与环境污染风险较大。为了进行不压井检泵作业,同时缩短检泵之后的产量恢复周期,进行了不压井作业技术研究,并研制了不压井作业装置。为解决起下抽油杆过程中的防喷问题,改进了抽油泵底阀结构,该结构可实现起下抽油杆过程中油管不带压、无溢流,并保障起下油管过程中的井控安全。该技术在江苏油田现场应用9井次,效果良好。